Holy $hit man!!! You are damn lucky you didnt get in an accident, you must have been a saint or something in the last life... +1 for the outer tie rod end for sure, based upon all the grease and dirt under your car it looks like a high mileage vehicle. If I were in your shoes I would go ahead and replace all the ball joints/tie rod ends just to be on the safe side, and since you are going to be right there and will definately require an alignment after.
As far as the picture with the arrow, thats your backing plate/shroud and you will be fine with that just how it is so long as it isnt scraping on anything.