what does detonation sound like?

It's hard to explain, but you will know it when you hear it.

If it's a bad case, it will sound like marbles in your engine and be very loud. Otherwise, it is not so loud. Have you ever heard an old car "knock"? That too is detonation.

It does not sound like a gun shot. That would be a backfire which is an entirely different problem.
 
Its really only going to happen when you get on it hard. What happens is you run so lean up top that it over heats the and ignites the fuel air mixture before it's ready too. This happens while your pistons trying to compress the mixture. When it pre-ignites it tries shoving it back down again. Your bearings, rods, pistons and pretty much the entire rotating assembly takes a beating from it. Your valves may still be open as well. Sound.. sounds like a bunch of small pieces of metal are rattling around in your exhaust manifolds/headers. Horrible sound. You have to listen for it. A few cars I was in, the owners had no idea their car was pinging. I had to point it out. If your pinging, try better gas, lower spark plug gap or replace the plugs if they're old, and if it's still happening, buy a timing adjuster and back the timing off 1 degree at a time till it stops. Chances are theres something not running properly thats causing it.
 
Had an old 79 Z28 under load, you could hear it spark knock(detonation), detonation has recently replaced the old term spark knock, kinda sounds like a loud ticking sound tic-tic-tic-tic that will rise and fall with engine rpm.

Just so you know... the reason its called detonation is that if your engine draws fuel into the combustion chamber and the fuel/air charge is ignited too early(too early meaning not enough fuel or too much air or too hot air) The fuel and air actually EXPLODE....instead of a more controlled burn. This sudden explosion is called spark knock or detonation, that detonation is what blow the nice little holes in the tops of your piston.

Causes for detonation are many...this is not a complete list... too hot charge temperature from your blower(get an intercooler), excessive spark advance, very low ocatane in fuel, weak fuel supply(blower motor again), screwed up mass air meter.. the list goes on.