A 408 is made out of a 351 engine. It is wider and taller, therefore, although headers will bolt up to the ports on the head, the 302 headers have a good chance of hitting the shock towers, and with the increased deck height, may hit some power steering linkage as well.
Your 408 is based on a 351 engine, so you need to get 351 speed parts. The only speed parts that will interchange somewhat effectively are cylinder heads, and there are some issues there too.
Also, quite often 351 engines will have a water pump that exits on the other side, so you may have to use a 302 water pump or a different radiator. You will probably need a different radiator anyway just to keep up with the cooling requirements.