initial timing is your timing with no vacuum or centrifugal advance, at around 1500 rpm's or thereabouts. whats supposed to happen with a vacuum advance is that as you rev your engine and increase load on acceleration the vacuum advance will start to advance your distributor to your total timing, which is usually around 30-40' advanced. this helps give you more performance. a mechanical advance does the same thing, it just uses the speed of the distributor as a guide to advance the timing. you need to set initial timing with the hose off of the distributor that way you dont get any advance. newer cars are the same way, its just that the computer controls the advance. historicmustang is right, total timing is most important. thats why alot of people lock out there timing with a total advance.