It is either a 5/16 or 3/8 in coarse thread bolt. About 1 1/2 in long.
Pull the bottom one and check it. The holes are threaded all the way through, I think. If you buy one, get a grade 8. These are near impossible to remove with a rounded head or other problem. Been there, done that.
Lack of the bolt should not cause the starter to not function, but might break the mounting ears off.