Just started thinking, in no particular order:
Crankshaft, crankshaft bearinngs, harmonic balancer, cam, cam bearings, pushrods, timing chain, pistons, piston rings, connecting rods, freeze plugs, lifters(also called tappets), cylinder heads(valves, valve seats, valve springs, valve spring retainers), rocker arms, intake manifold, throttle body & spacer with gaskets, fuel injectors, fuel rails, oil pan and gasket, oil pump and pickup, front timing cover, water pump, alternator, accessory pulleys, belt, starter, flywheel(man trans) or flexplate(auto trans), head studs or bolts, head gaskets, upper and lower intake manifold gaskets, Mass air sensor and computer or just computer if speed density, BAP sensor, ECT and ACT sensors, 02 sensors, wire harness, vacuum hoses, headers and header gaskets, valve covers and gaskets
Did I miss anything important? I assumed there is stuff in the car to make the engine run.