Yes, if you change out both the internal gear (inside the tail housing) and the speedo gear accessible from outside the tail housing then your odometer will be correct.
Side note: supposedly the 23 tooth gear used to correct the speedo for 3.55 and 3.73 gears will only last approximately 20,000 miles. Read this from a few different threads. Don't know what fails though. I would think that shops like Steeda and Brothers Performance would not sell the 23 tooth gear if it is known to fail in such a short amount of mileage. Guess I will let you know in about 15,000 miles.
Mine with 3.73 is way off, I had 2.73 stock and now at 60-65 I am showing 90-95 on my speedo. I once put over 100miles on my odo, with a 36 mile round trip. My odo. is now all frucked up and the speedo is now even starting to go (I think its from seeing 90-100mph all the time on the hwy) and it will just stay at 100 now if I am going 30-70mph and sometimes even when I am stoped it still reads 100mph.