As discovered, the ring gear diameter is what is referred to when you hear 7.5", or 8.8. The larger the diameter, the less stress due to mechanical advantage with the larger diameter. You can still shear pinion/ring gear teeth.
Also, the axles on the 7.5" and 8.8 are the same. When people upgrade axles, they usually upgrade from 28 spline to 31 spline count axle shafts. the extra splines help distribute the load to reduce the change of the splines shearing off.
Axle materials also change for strength, but that area you are measuring won't change due to the bearings inside the axle that the shaft needs to slide into