Just for knowing sake: Why wouldn't it start up?

Hey guys, there's nothing wrong with the car but I just want to know for general knowledge...
When you turn the key and the starter turns, what would cause the engine to not fire?
I know there could be a few reasons why.

For example, I had just finished wiring my car yesterday, and it had been about 2 months since the last time i started it, and it took a few bumps of the ignition as well as a few good pumps of the accelerator before it started up. and when it did start up it sputtered, almost died but then continued going and then ran strong.

I can understand that happening when you don't start it for a few months but, it has also happened after I parked it and then tried starting it about 10 minutes later.

I guess what I'm asking is what is the steps the engine has to take to start up?
gas in the pistons, spark, and starter to turn?
 
it sounds like you didnt have enough fuel in the fuel bowl. often times fuel evaporates fairly quickly in the higher heat of summer, and you are stuck with a reduced amount of fuel, thus when you pump the throttle a couple of times, you lose a good part of what is left in the bowl, and it takes a few second for the fuel pump to replenish the fuel bowl. you can eliminate this with an electric pump. turn the ignition on and wait a couple of seconds before you crank the motor over. the problem should be gone.