How much difference in gas mileage would there be? I can take a mpg or so less, i'd also imagine on long trips the mileage would be roughly the same since i'd rarely, open the secondaries.
There will be a noticable difference, if left unaltered or modified.
Holley increases the primary jet about 4-8 sizes in the 4150 dbl pumpers, and leaves the Power Valve Restrictor Channels,(PVCR), small.
You can obtain much better streetability,(gas mileage), without running too rich,(common complaint about dbl pumpers on the street), by reducing the primary jet sizes, and then opening up the PVCRs slightly with a small pin drill. As you know the PVCRs are the small holes located under the power valve.
You'll get the additional fuel flow required when the power valve opens, but not run unnessesarily rich while just cruzin.
There's no reason to open them up past say 3/32", unless you're REALLY intending to meter some fuel upon throttle application.
I've been told that they do not offer additional fuel flow if opened up past 3/32" without further modifications to the emulsion wells.