It doesn't vary the voltage, it varies the duty cycle of the voltage, i.e. square wave, 0-12V
1. PWM = Pulse Width Modulation as in the sentence above. Why? Variable speed control.
2. Not necessarily, but is usually part of the design of a PWM controller. It is referred to as a "soft start".
3. Google the part number.
There are 4 main types of DC motors:
4. When you want to vary the speed according to temperature.
- Permanent Magnet DC Motors. The permanent magnet motor uses a permanent magnet to create field flux. ...
- Series DC Motors. In a series DC motor, the field is wound with a few turns of a large wire carrying the full armature current. ...
- Shunt DC Motors. ...
- Compound DC Motors.
5. Don't know what you know or don't know.
6. If it's variable speed, it's PWM. Variable as in ~10 rpm to max rpm & anywhere in between.
BTW#1, this is not an online class in electrical engineering even if I am qualified to teach it, which I am (LOL).
Google "PWM dc electric motor", then you can teach the class.
1st hit on Google:
BTW#2 Electric cars use AC motors. The battery voltage must be converted from DC to AC. Speed control is not PWM.
The two primary ways to control the speed of a single-phase AC motor is to either change the frequency of the line voltage the motor sees or by changing the voltage seen by the motor, thereby changing the rotational speed of the motor.
Electric cars & all industrial equipment use 3-phase electric motors. Lesson #2, some other time.
BTW#3 Your alternator is a poly-phase (more than 3) generator. A motor can be a generator & a generator an become a motor. Electricity can create magnetism & conversely, magnetism can create electricity. High school physics.
Ahhh... yes yes yes. Please disregard my previous post. Too many projects to think about for the relatively small number of marbles I have to work with.