I had a 66 289 overheat problem
I started like you, by the time I replaced head gaskets 4 times, I am replacing the engine. Mine was bored 60 over.
DON'T follow my pattern. What happenned was that after I overheated the engine enough times I warped the block. Had I resolved my problems sooner, I wouldn't be replacing the engine.
Here is what I did.
1) Run a 3 core radiator, and a shroud. Run mostly water with water-wetter and pump lubricant. Don't run anti-freeze unless you have to.
2) make sure you don't have a head gasket problem, and if you do get it fixed, and make sure they check your block and plane the heads before you put it back together.
Other people gave me a list of other things to check, and I'll list them here. They could be the problem, but are low occurring events imho.
no thermostat - You need one in to slow the water flow so that it has time to absorb heat.
no spring in lower radiator hose - pump collapses the hose when pulling lots of water.
clogged radiator - obvious you cant cool what wont circulate.
clogged block - same as above.
water pump worn out - SURELY you already checked this.
temp gauge off - I think your in denial, but it could happen.