Yes, once its centered you will not touch the distributor again.
One more thing to mention, ideally the trigger offset will be 0-10*
Yes the 13.5 is the offset.
No, that table is used as a simple lookup table for when you go into closed loop, it is meant to give the idle valve a starting point. The goal is to get the valve into a position over what is needed then it will smoothly transition into cl idle.